Are you just feeding or really nourishing your pets?
Feeding fish - the second most beautiful thing in the world!
Feeding fish is fun for everyone - young and old! Many fish species learn to eat out of your hand very quickly and seem to develop a special relationship with their keeper. Hand feeding has real advantages: You can give a larger amount of food to weak fish and it is much easier to catch them if necessary.
There are a large number of different fish foods with sometimes considerable price differences.
Why is a species-appropriate nutrition so important?
Because fish feeding is such fun, a lot of pond owners tend to forget that there is a lot more to it than that. Food, of course, is important. It influences such factors as growth and resistance to disease. And fish, which can differ from each other as much as a cat does from a cow, have widely differing feeding demands to reflect this! Predatory fish, such as trout or perch, need food based on (fish) meat, whereas semi plant eating omnivores, such as goldfish or koi, need a higher plant content in their food. Do not forget that commercial trout or carb farming food is created to build up as much fish biomass as possible in the shortest possible time (age of slaughtering), whereas in the garden pond more importance is attached to continuous and slower growth for a long fish life. Nobody wants to slaughter their expensive koi carps after 2 years just to eat them. This accounts for the significant differences between most commercially produced fish food and food produced specifically for garden pond fish.
Not all pond fish require the same food and their stage of life (young/old) is also relevant. Another very important point is the metabolic rate (digestibility) of the food. Dog owners know the problem: Cheap food leads to huge piles of faeces, while the dog still shows deficiency symptoms. With fish unsuitable food has identical results, and while this doesn’t annoy pedestrians so much, it badly contaminates the pond water with pollutants. This in turn leads to problems with unwanted algae.
Which species eat which food?
If you keep several fish genera or species in your pond, which is mostly the case, the first question is, of course, how to feed the different species separately. In “community ponds” this is simply impossible unless you feed all the fish by hand. With a collection of various families and species in a pond it is important to offer a range of food which meets all their requirements. That’s the only way to avoid deficiency symptoms and diseases. This difficulty, incidentally, has led to the trend of more and more pond owners building pure “species ponds”. One could contain just koi, another one just sturgeon species.
We distinguish the following types of fish in ponds:
Koi, goldfish, biotope fish and sturgeons. Koi and goldfish are very similar in terms of nutritional requirements, but koi become much larger. You can also feed the right size of a koi food to goldfish and vice versa. The right food size, matching the mouth of the fish, is the decisive factor. The composition of a koi food is often of higher quality than that of a goldfish food. This is the reason for the price differences!
"Biotope fish" continue to be very popular in ponds. Biotope fish include the native fish species of Europe, some of which - depending on the country - are protected. In Germany, for example, unprotected species such as sunbleaks, gudgeons, sticklebacks and minnows are often cultivated as biotope fish in ponds. The nutritional requirements of these fish types differ a lot from the goldfish, Koi or sturgeon. They are small animal eaters and therefore need their own food which is also smaller than that of the other pond inhabitants. Therefore JBL PROPOND BIOTOPE has been developed.
What exactly are pellets, extrudates and granules?
Outline of the various food types:
Pellets are the results of the simplest food technology. The ingredients are mixed and grounded, cooled and then pressed through the holes of a die. In general, pellets are small round balls with a shiny surface and irregular break edges. Real pellets have practically no use in pond fish diet.
They get their name from the machine in which they are produced: the extruder. Basically a long, thin sausage comes out of the extruder, and it is cut into long or short pieces. Long pieces are called sticks, shorter extrudates are often called granules or food pearls. Very short slices are referred to as wafers.
This layout makes it possible to move, to mix, to knead and to build up pressure. In addition it can add water and steam and it can heat. The mash is briefly heated up to about 140 °C and exposed to a pressure of up to 100 bar before it shoots through the die (which is situated at the end of the screw) in the form of countless strands. A knife rotates in front of the die and cuts the strands, depending on the number of revolutions, into short spherical or longish sticks. The food produced with the extruder has significant advantages: It is more easily digestible and it is practically germ-free. In addition there are also some technical features: The more grain the extrudate contains, the more air it includes, because after leaving the die, the pressure abruptly decreases. This ensures that the extrudates can float. The more valuable proteins there are in the extrudate, the less air they can store. This makes the extrudates heavier and they eventually reach the point where they cannot float. As a general rule: the heavier the extrudate, the more value it has, and the lighter it is, the more you know you’re just buying packaged air.
How much do you need to feed?
Please feed as much as can be completely eaten by the fish in about 2-3 minutes. Should uneaten food still be floating on the water surface or lying on the pond bottom after 5 minutes, you have fed too much!
Strangely most pond owners seem to be afraid that their fish will starve to death. As a result they often overfeed their animals. This is extremely unhealthy and causes extreme pollution in the pond (resulting in algae problems).
You can accurately dose the food quantity if you know the weight of your fish. 100 grammes body weight of a large koi requires about 1 - 2 grammes of food per day. But who wants to weigh their fish and the food all the time? The “eaten in a few minutes“ rule is absolutely sufficient and leads, when combined with the right food and feeding frequency, to perfectly healthy fish.
THE RIGHT FEED AMOUNT – FOR POND OWNERS AND POND DWELLERS
We project our behaviour on our fish and tend to feed them too much rather than too little. Besides feeding is fun and makes our fish love us. Unfortunately overfeeding doesn’t only create blow fish, it also has other consequences. Uneaten food sinks to the ground and pollutes the water and the filter, with the result that algae gladly eat the food. Since fish never really feel satisfied, they always give the impression that they need to be fed. That’s why the correct food amount really is essential for healthy fish and a healthy pond! Easy to read tables on the bag show the feeding recommendation for each product. This will show you how much food your goldfish, koi or sterlet needs per day. The recommended food amount can either be given in one go, or (Ideally) in several portions throughout the day. The practical dosing cup will help you to determine the right food amount without kitchen scales, according to the feeding recommendation.
How often do you need to feed?
The basic rule applies: little and often is better than rarely and a lot. Here too the similarities with the human diet are obvious. Young animals need their food ration at least 3 times a day, whereas older animals can easily manage with one feed in the evening.
Let us not forget that most ponds of more than two years possess comprehensive microfauna and flora which can serve as dietary supplement.
The vitamin cure
Your pond fish and koi will receive vitamins through the food you feed them and through the natural nutrition present in your pond. As with us humans the vitamin supply is only sufficient when an optimally balanced diet can be achieved. The same applies to your pond dwellers, and it is therefore advisable to administer an extra dose of vitamins at least once a week. The most efficient method is to drip the vitamin concentrate JBL Atvitol onto the food, shortly before it is fed to the fish. When your fish show symptoms of disease, the vitamin cure is, along with medicinal supplements, the most important step. Medications only have an effect on pathogens, whereas the vitamins strengthen the fish’s resistance to disease and help them to get well.
The protein/fat ratio
Das Protein-Fettverhältnis ergibt sich, wenn man den Proteingehalt durch den Fettgehalt teilt. Bei einem Rinderfilet liegt das Protein-Fettverhältnis durch das fettarme Fleisch bei ungefähr 5:1. Bei fettreicheren Fleischbereichen ändert es sich bis auf 1:1! Wie wir von uns Menschen wissen, sollte unsere Ernährung nicht zu fettreich sein. Das gleiche gilt auch für die Fische. JBL dreht genau an dieser wichtigen Stellschraube in der Futterzusammensetzung, um für jede Jahreszeit, oder auch für ein Ganzjahresfutter, eine artgerechte Balance durch die Rohstoffauswahl und die prozentuale Zusammensetzung zu erzeugen.
In autumn the fish need a higher protein and fat content than in spring to build up energy reserves for the coming winter. So both contents have the same ratio to one another, but are higher than in the spring food. In return the crude fibre and crude ash content is slightly lower in autumn, as the digestive tract needs to be less stressed over the coming winter. Furthermore the spring food is a floating food and the autumn food a sinking food, in order that the animals can slowly unwind in autumn without needing to exert themselves by feeding at the water surface.
Proteins are the basic components of the body and necessary for the building and renewal of body cells. Proteins as enzymes and hormones are also responsible for a wide range of tasks in the body. Amino acids are also classified as proteins and they create important conditions for healthy and good growth. Proteins can be found in all raw materials. Particularly suitable for the pond fish are protein sources from fish, crustaceans and molluscs.
Fats provide an important storage of energy in the body and are therefore an especially important food component when higher storage is required (before winter). In addition there are also essential substances in fats (which the body cannot produce and have to be taken via food). High-quality fats with many Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids are therefore an important supplement in fish food. Fish oil especially provides quite naturally the ideal composition of fats for our pond fish and further important substances, such as carotenes which support the colouring of the fish.
Just like us, our fish need an indigestible proportion of their diet to support the digestion. The crude fibres make sure that the food is better absorbed. In crude ash substances can be found which can be absorbed as minerals or trace elements and are essential for many processes in the body. Important for the formation of the skeleton are, for example, calcium and phosphorus, for the metabolic processes sodium, potassium, magnesium and chlorine, and iron for the function of oxygen transport.
However what is often overlooked in the garden pond especially, is the quantity of food required . Sample calculations and numerous tests about maintenance metabolism show quite clearly that many garden pond owners do not feed enough for fear of algae growth. A koi pond with 20 koi carps of 40 cm needs 600 g food per day (!) in the summer months.
If you preferably feed something like breeding food for trout (mostly brown pellets in transparent large bags for little money) to goldfish and koi, this is like putting cows on a meat diet. The animals grow fast but they can’t process the food correctly and become susceptible to diseases. The missing extensive digestion of the food and its consequent excretion can lead to higher water pollution. Moreover a fatty degeneration of the liver occurs, which can sometimes be recognised by a very round body shape.
Juveniles: Compared to larger fish, smaller fish need smaller food, if only due to their smaller mouth size. Because smaller goldfish and koi will grow more than big ones (fish grow throughout their life time) their food composition also has to be appropriately adapted to suit this growth.
Fish grow throughout their lives
If we visualized the growth of a fish as a growth curve it would become a rising curve which flattens at the top. The growth thus slows down with increasing age, but never stops. There can also be dents in the curve because fish growth is also dependent on food availability and living conditions. A 5 cm long koi weights about 2.2 g. When it reaches its threefold size, its weight will have increased to nearly 60 g. When it is 50 cm in length it will weigh more than 2 kg. A 50 cm koi needs approx. 110 g food per day since it needs 3.5-5 % of its body weight as daily nutrition.
As varied as the demands on the fish’s metabolism
Even if your pond fish are always hungry and happy to eat any food they can get, it’s important to get to grips with the subject of correct nutrition. It is not enough to select the right seasonal food. Proper nutrition needs to provide energy at the right time and in the right place. Fish are cold-blooded animals! Therefore their metabolism always depends on the ambient temperature (water temperature). While you need to stop feeding in cold winter temperatures (below 5 degree Celsius), the fish need more and more food as the temperature increases. Although the metabolism of the fish depends on the ambient temperature, a classification into metabolic rate, (required for the maintenance of the life functions), and the active metabolic rate can still be made. These types of energy are dependent on the ambient temperature, the age, sex and the activity of the fish.
Do sturgeons require special food?
Yes, because sturgeons are small animal eaters, which search for food on the bottom of the pond. For these interesting fish JBL PROPOND STERLET S in two granule sizes have been developed.
Sturgeons and other fish in one pond
How do you feed fish with different requirements?
Sturgeons not only need a different food than your koi or goldfish, they also have a different feeding behaviour! Generally goldfish and koi are eager feeders and swim to the feed area when a human approaches the pond. After feeding there’s usually nothing left for the sturgeons and sterlets! You can solve this problem with a trick: take an opaque plastic tube and put the sturgeon food inside it.
JBL PROPOND STERLET is a sinking food and reaches the bottom through the tube, where the sturgeons learn to pick it up. That’s how the sturgeons get “their” food and the other pond dwellers can’t eat it away!
Should you also feed pond fish in winter?
Hier gilt der Grundsatz: Solange die Fische noch aktiv sind und schwimmen, verbrauchen sie auch Energie. Wenn wir dann nicht füttern, wird die verbrauchte Energie nicht wieder aufgefüllt und die Tiere werden schwächer! Sollten die Fische also auf dem Teichboden ruhen, sollte NICHT gefüttert werden!
Die Ruhephase der Fische kann nicht so einfach an der Wassertemperatur festgemacht werden. Außerdem wissen viele Teichbesitzer nicht, wie die Wassertemperatur am Teichboden ist. Teichthermometer schwimmen an der Wasseroberfläche und das kältere Teichwasser ist immer unten am Teichboden zu finden.
Even when the water temperature sinks under 15 °C the fish are still active. Activity means energy consumption, which needs to be fed back to the fish. For this purpose JBL has developed a special low temperature food ( JBL PROPOND WINTER+CARE ). The composition of this food is such that the food is easy to digest and doesn’t affect the digestive tract, because in low temperatures the digestion process works very slowly. A good winter food needs to supply the animals with more energy than required for the digestion of the food. Otherwise the fish would be greatly weakened by their energy loss, despite eating!
Professional tip: Do white koi need different food to red-and-white or orange-coloured koi?
The fish colours are created by pigments in special pigment cells inside the skin. Natural substances such as carotenes and astaxanthines enhance special yellowish and reddish colours in the skin. But if too many natural colorants are added to the food, a white koi can become pink! Therefore a lot of experience and knowledge is required to achieve colour enhancement with clear colour separation at the same time! Now there is no need for fish owners to worry about feeding their fish artificial chemicals to make them beautifully coloured! The carotenes (from carrots etc.) and even more so the expensive astaxanthines originate from high-quality feed animals, such as krill, gammarus, brine shrimp, cyclops and water fleas – thus from a natural fish diet. They are extracted and concentrated and then, carefully dosed, are added to the pond food. Metallic shimmering colours, depending on the light, are called structural colours and can’t be influenced by the food.
JBL NEO Index is worth it!
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JBL PROPOND ALL SEASONS STICKS
All-season sticks for koi & other pond fish- Provides a balanced food mix for healthy pond fish at any time of year (at 10-25 °C water temperature)
- Complete food with a protein/fat ratio of 3:1. High-quality raw ingredients support natural and vibrant colour development
- With wheat, salmon, shrimps, spinach and spirulina for strong and healthy pond fish
- Floating sticks with 24 % protein, 7 % fat, 6 % crude fibre and 6 % crude ash. Without preservatives
- Food sticks in resealable, airtight, waterproof and lightproof bag/can for quality preservation. The mono-material of the bag/can can be completely recycled without separation
JBL PROPOND ALL SEASONS PEARLS
All-season granulated food for koi & other pond fish- Provides a balanced food mix for healthy pond fish at any time of year (at 10-25 °C water temperature)
- Complete food with a protein/fat ratio of 3:1. High-quality raw ingredients support natural and vibrant colour development
- With wheat, salmon, shrimps, spinach and spirulina for strong and healthy pond fish
- Floating granulates with 24 % protein, 7 % fat, 6 % crude fibre and 6 % crude ash. Without preservatives
- Granulated food in a resealable, airtight, waterproof and lightproof bag/can for quality preservation. The mono-material of the bag/can can be completely recycled without separation
JBL PROPOND ALL SEASONS FLAKES
All-season flake food for koi & other pond fish- Provides a balanced food mix for healthy pond fish at any time of year (at 10-25 °C water temperature)
- Complete food with a protein/fat ratio of 3:1. High-quality raw ingredients support natural and vibrant colour development
- With wheat, salmon, shrimps and spirulina for strong and healthy pond fish
- Floating flakes with 31 % protein, 9 % fat, 4 % crude fibre and 8 % crude ash. Without preservatives
- Flake food in resealable, airtight, waterproof and lightproof bag/can for quality preservation. The mono-material of the bag/can can be completely recycled without separation
JBL PROPOND ALL SEASONS VARIOMIX
All-season food mix for koi & other pond fish- Provides a balanced food mixture for healthy pond fish at any time of year (at water temperatures of 10-30 °C)
- Complete food with the ideal protein/fat ratio of 3:1. High-quality raw materials naturally support vibrant colour development
- With wheat, salmon, shrimps and spirulina for strong and healthy pond fish
- Floating food mix with 24 % protein, 7 % fat, 4 % crude fibre and 6 % crude ash. Without preservatives
- Food mix in resealable, airtight, waterproof and lightproof bag/can for quality preservation. The mono-material of the bag/can can be completely recycled without separation
JBL PROPOND KOI STAPLE+SILKWORMS
All-season food for koi & other pond fish- With valuable insect protein (silkworms) for demanding koi in all water temperatures between 10 and 25 °C
- Complete food in granulates with very high-quality raw materials and a protein/fat ratio of 4:1
- High-quality fatty acids and insect proteins provide pond fish such as koi with a species-appropriate food composition. This provides the fish with the ideal food in all seasons, helping them to achieve beautiful colours and glowing health
- With 36 % protein, 9 % fat, 3 % crude fibre and 8 % crude ash, the floating food granulates offer an ideal composition for all seasons. Without colourings and preservatives
- Food granulates in resealable, airtight, waterproof and lightproof bag/can for quality preservation. The mono-material of the bag/can can be completely recycled without separation
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JBL PROPOND SPRING+GROWTH
Spring food for koi & other pond fish- Rebuilds strength after hibernation and promotes growth (at 10-20 °C water temperature)
- Complete food with a protein/fat ratio of 3:1. Strengthens the immune system and promotes growth
- With salmon, soya, shrimps, insect protein, spinach and spirulina for strong and healthy koi
- Floating granulates in wafer form with 28 % protein, 8 % fat, 3 % crude fibre and 8 % crude ash. Without preservatives
- Food wafers in resealable, airtight, waterproof and lightproof bag/can for quality preservation. The mono-material of the bag/can can be completely recycled without separation
JBL PROPOND SUMMER+COLOR
Summer food for koi & other pond fish- Easily digestible summer food for high water temperatures (between 20 and 30 °C) Promotes brilliant colours
- Complete food with a protein/fat ratio of 4:1 Easily digestible granulated food.
- Krill and shrimps promote strong colour development in koi.
- Floating granulated food in pearl form with 32 % protein, 8 % fat, 3 % crude fibre and 8 % crude ash. Without preservatives
- Food granulates in resealable, airtight, waterproof and lightproof bag/can for quality preservation
JBL PROPOND AUTUMN+PREPARE
Autumn food for koi & other pond fish- Strengthens the fish with energy-rich nutrients in autumn for the coming, demanding winter period. Ideal for 10-20 °C water temperatures
- Complete food with a protein/fat ratio of 3:1, builds up reserves for the energy-sapping winter period.
- Krill and high-quality fats provide the reserves that make your fish fit for the winter
- Sinking granulates in wafer form for easy ingestion by the fish. Ideal, species-appropriate composition with 28 % protein, 10 % fat, 2 % crude fibre and 6 % crude ash. Without colourings and preservatives
- Food wafers in resealable, airtight, waterproof and lightproof bag/can for quality preservation. The mono-material of the bag/can can be completely recycled without separation
JBL PROPOND WINTER+CARE
Winter food for koi & other pond fish- Provides optimal energy reserves at low winter temperatures (between 5 and 15 °C) thanks to an easily digestible formula
- Complete food with a protein/fat ratio of 2:1 for low water temperatures. Only feed the fish as long as they are active
- The easily digestible formula with high-quality wheat germ provides the fish with immediate energy at low temperatures, as long as the fish are not resting on the ground
- Sinking food sticks with the right composition for the coldest time of year with 22 % protein, 11 % fat, 2 % crude fibre and 6 % crude ash. Without colourings and preservatives
- Food sticks in resealable, airtight, waterproof and lightproof bag/can for quality preservation. The mono-material of the bag/can can be completely recycled without separation
THE INFLUENCE OF THE SEASONS
Even if the seasons are not the same all around the world the water temperature plays a determining role for the feed composition.
If you want, you can also use one food as a complete food (JBL PROPOND ALL SEASONS), in the same way as many people drive with all-season tyres instead of summer and winter tyres. But it is even better to select the feeds which are especially designed for their respective water temperature. You will find the temperature specifications on the right hand side of the front of the packaging.
Bei den Biotopfischen, den Sterlets und den Goldfischen ändern sich die Futtertiere im Laufe der Jahreszeiten nur wenig. Daher ist für diese Fischgruppen kein Jahreszeitenfutter sinnvoll. Aber auch hier gilt: Wenn die Tiere ruhen, fressen sie nicht mehr und die Fütterung sollte eingestellt werden!
All-season
Spring
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JBL PROPOND GOLDFISH
All-season food for goldfish and veiltails- Balanced diet for healthy goldfish with vibrant colours (at water temperatures of 10-30 °C)
- Complete food with a protein/fat ratio of 3:1. The composition has a high proportion of green food to meet the goldfish’s healthy appetite for plants
- With wheat, salmon, shrimps and spinach for strong and healthy goldfish all year round
- Floating granulated food in pearl form with 20 % protein, 6 % fat, 3 % crude fibre and 4 % crude ash. Without artificial colouring
- Food granulates in resealable, airtight, waterproof and lightproof bag/can for quality preservation. The mono-material of the bag/can can be completely recycled without separation
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JBL PROPOND STERLET
All-season food for sturgeons & sterlets in the pond- Species-appropriate composition for sturgeons that forage on the bottom (at a water temperature of 10-25 °C)
- Complete food with a protein/fat ratio of 3:1. Sturgeons prefer to feed on the bottom where they can feel their food. The composition is tailored to this species-appropriate diet
- With salmon, shrimps, tubifex, green-lipped mussels, spirulina and gammarus for a natural diet for sterlets
- Sinking granulated food pearls with 34 % protein, 10 % fat, 2 % crude fibre and 8 % crude ash. Without colourings and preservatives
- Food granulates in resealable, airtight, waterproof and lightproof bag/can for quality preservation. The mono-material of the bag/can can be completely recycled without separation
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JBL PROPOND BIOTOPE
All-season food for biotope fish in the pond- Species-appropriate nutrition for all small, native biotope fish (at a water temperature of 10-30 °C)
- Complete food with a protein/fat ratio of 4:1. Most biotope fish are omnivores, often favouring microorganisms and planktonic feeder animals
- With insect proteins, shrimps and plant components for a near-natural diet for biotope fish such as the moderlieschen, gudgeon, stickleback, minnow, etc.
- Sinking granulated food in pearl form with 34 % protein, 8 % fat, 4 % crude fibre and 12 % crude ash. Without preservatives
- Granulated food in a resealable, airtight, waterproof and lightproof can for quality preservation. The mono-material of the bag/can can be completely recycled without separation
THE RIGHT FOOD FOR YOUR FISH
Along with size, age, season and water temperature the fish species also plays an important role, of course. Although koi and goldfish are very close in their nutritional and physiological aspects, a special complete food has been developed to especially meet the requirements of the goldfish. Those who have high demands on the goldfish food, e.g. to intensify the colour enhancement or just to grant their fish the best of the best, can feed their goldfish with JBL koi foods. Sturgeons are very special fish. Their body shape indicates their way of life: They swim near the ground and use their barbels (chemosensor organ) to feel for small invertebrates, which they would eat in the wild. JBL PROPOND STERLET has been adapted to suit these eating habits, both in its composition (increased share of invertebrates) and in its sinking behaviour. Even if sturgeons can learn to feed at the water surface, this feeding behaviour doesn’t represent their natural behaviour and harbours the risk of excessive air swallowing. Sturgeons should always be fed with their own food because it has a dedicated composition and the sturgeons could hurt the koi’s mucous membrane with their bone plates when fighting for their food. In practice you can feed your goldfish and koi on the surface at a corner of the pond and your sturgeons with sinking sturgeon food at the other corner .